Bayanaulskiy state national natural park

The natural-science substantiation of the territory expansion of the Bajanaulskiy State National Natural Park iis executed by the CRS and GIS «Terra»,within the limits of the project «Working out of the natural-science and technical and economic assessment of the territory expansion of the Bajanaulskiy State National Natural Park » in 2005. 

     The Bayanaulskiy State National Natural Park is located in the Bayanaulskiy district of the Pavlodarskiy region on area of  50 688 ha. The purpose of the expansion of the territory of park – it is the providing of the protection of the argali population and the other rare species of fauna and flora, which are applied to the ecosystem of the dry fescue- feather grass steppes, to the relict black- alder forests and the birch forests.

The territory of the expansion of the park is included in : the Central-Kazakhstan small- hill area ( melkosopochnik), the Karagandinsko — Chingiztauskiy dry –steppe low mountains and the small- hill area, the Erementau-Karkaralinskiy mountain- hill dry-temperate  and the dry steppe and the steppe with the altitudinal belt.

The small- hill areas ( melkosopochnik)are formed with the intrusive large-grained granite, porphyrit, quartzite, partly with slate and sandstone. The protracted destruction of the mountains with the denudation processes, reduced them to the low mountains and almost plain, it looks like the ancient peneplain, with the island mountain massifs, that are formed with the steady to destruction rocks.

The climate is of the continental type, with the typicalaridity of the spring-summer period, with high in summer and low in winter temperatures, with the insufficient and unsteadyrainfall, with the summer maximum and with the heavy wind activity during all the year. Theaverage annual temperature is about 3,2⁰. The coldest month is January, when the minimum temperature goes down to -17,8^о, the middle -13,7^о. In the warmest time of the year — July — the maximal temperature achieves 32,6^о, the middle 14,6^о.Theannual precipitation is about 340mm, with variations in separate years, from 190 to 494 mm.

The basic and the most reliable source of the water-supply on the areas of expansion, are underground waters, that form theartesian basins of sweet water in the carboxylic and mesozoicsynclines, and also the fractured and fractured- sheet waters with the lowwater salinity, but with the low output of springs. Within the limits of mountains thedense net of small –valleys and ravines with the seasonalflow, that isappeared in the period of the springsnowmelt. On the shallow small rivers, the seasonal flow is carried out. Thus 70-90% of the annual flow passes during one and a half — two with a half weeks in spring, after it, the rivers become extremely shallow or dry up.

The basic and the most reliable source of the water-supply on the areas of expansion, are underground waters, that form the artesian basins of sweet water in the carboxylic and mesozoic synclines, and also the fractured and fractured- sheet waters with the low water salinity, but with the low output of springs. Within the limits of mountains the dense net of small –valleys and ravines with the seasonal flow, that is appeared in the period of the spring snowmelt. On the shallow small rivers, the seasonal flow is carried out. Thus 70-90% of the annual flow passes during one and a half — two with a half weeks in spring, after it, the rivers become extremely shallow or dry up.

A wide range of the genera, kinds and varieties of soils, that are differed from each other in :the thickness of soil- profile, the humic horizon and the profile saturation of detritus and rocks, that’s depends on the conditions of the soil cover formation. The dark- chestnut soils are of the zonal type; on the plains there are ordinary, medium -mature and alkaline soils; in mountains there are raw, shallow and xeromorphic soils. The presence of the large low -mountain massifs, is the cause of the display of the vertical zonality and forming of the chernozem soils, above the true altitude for 500 m. In the intermontane valleys and on  plains you can find : the semi-hydromorphic mountain meadow- chernozem, meadow- chestnut medium –mature and low- mature soils; and in the flood plains of rivers and spring outcrops, you can see- the hydromorphic soils. Locally, there are saline soils and the forest malts in the lowlands with over-watering.

The joining of the small -hill areas is located in the steppe area, in the subzone of the dry steppes. The fescue- feather grass steppes are the steppes with the zonal type of vegetation here. On such areas as: the tops of hills, the sub-rocky areas,- you can find here the petrophyte herb- fescue conenoses with shrubberies. On the north slopes and  ravines the shrubby steppes are formed. In the intermontane valleys, the charlock –red- feather-grass and oat grass– red- feather-grass steppes are widespread. In the flood plains of small river, the seasonal flows and near the outcrops of springs, the brush -and- willow tangles in combination with the sedge-grass- herb tangles prevail. Locally, the birch forests with the stone bramble- grass- sedge cover, in combination with a black and bristly currant, a hawthorn, a high cranberry, are widespread.

On territory of the joined areas were recorded: 2 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, about 100 species of birds, from them 61 nesting, 36 species of mammals, related to 5 orders. On areas there are 8 species of birds were added to the Red Book of RK, they are: a Pallas sand grouse, a peregrine, a saker falcon,  golden eagle, an imperial eagle ,a steppe eagle, a serpent eagle, an eagle-owl; and there are mammals: Kazakhstan subspecies of the mountain rams – an argali. Also ,here you can see the rare representatives of herpeto- fauna: a moccasin and a squeaky gecko; representatives of birds :a black grouse, a northern goshawk,a quail, a long-legged buzzard,a marsh owl, a black lark, a lesser kestrel and other; representatives of mammals: a roe deer, a least weasel, a badger, a lynx, a common weasela, northern bat,a grey long-eared bat and other.

            Joining of new areas of Salkyntau, Zheltau, Zhilandybulak and Muryntal will allow to provide freedom of moving of a argali,  and will create the conditions for its safety and preservation. The intensification of the guard regime, especially in the places of a lambing, will allow to minimize the factors of anxiety, that is important for renewal of the argali population. On the area of Muryntal, there are birch forests with the rare types of the boreal flora, which are situated on the south border of the natural habitat. On other areas also there are rare and endemic steppe species. Presently, they suffer from the anthropogenic activity, therefore the including of them in the SPNT — will allow to save the unique gene pool of the boreal species, which are situated on the south border of the natural habitat.